PCB Circuit Basics Course - ZMRC

As a beginner in ASIC miner repair, first of all we need to learn what a circuit is and basic electrical circuit knowledge. Here, we will explain the role of basic components on the PCB board, including resistors, capacitors, inductors, crystal oscillators, diodes, triodes, MOS tubes, and basic logic gate circuits. When we know the components, we can visually check whether the components on the circuit board, hash board or control board are oxidized, so as to do basic troubleshooting.

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What is a circuit

A circuit, the route through which current flows, is composed of components such as a power source, a load, connecting wires, and switches. The operation of the circuit has three states: closed circuit, open circuit, and short circuit. Closed circuit: the circuit has current flowing through the load. Open circuit: there is no current in the circuit. Short circuit: there is no load in the circuit. Current and voltage are common terms used in electrical circuits.
Resistor

Resistor, an electronic component that blocks current flow, is widespread in ASIC miner hash board, control board and power supply repairs. Resistor is a physical quantity that expresses how much a conductor resists current flow. When the voltage across the conductor is constant, the size of the resistance can be used to measure the strength of the resistance of the conductor to the current. In a circuit, a resistor usually divides the current or voltage.
Capacitor

Capacitor is a component that stores electric charge. When there is a medium between the conductors, then hinders the movement of the charge and causes the charge to accumulate on the conductor and accumulation of charge. The amount of stored charge is called capacitance. Capacitor can be divided polar and non-polar capacitors, which have the functions of filtering, energy storage and coupling in the circuit.
Inductance / Fuse / Crystal Oscillator

Inductance is a passive electronic component that stores electrical energy through the magnetic flux. A magnetic field is generated from the right side of the current flow direction when a current flows. The fuse acts as an overload protection circuit. The crystal oscillator is an electronic device that uses the piezoelectric effect of a quartz crystal to generate high-precision oscillation frequency.
Diode

A diode is a semiconductor component made of semiconductor material, which has unidirectional conductivity, that is, when a forward voltage is applied to the anode of the diode, the diode is turned on. When a reverse voltage is applied to the anode and cathode, the diode is turned off. It can realize various functions such as rectification of nating current, detection of modulated signals, and voltage regulation of power supply voltage.
Triode

Triode, the full name of semiconductor triode, is a semiconductor device that controls current. Its function is to amplify the weak signal an electrical signal with an enormous amplitude value. The triode is made of two PN junctions that are very close to each other on a semiconductor substrate. The two PN junctions divide the whole semiconductor three parts. The triode can be divided PNP type triode and NPN type triode.
MOS Tube

MOS tube is a metal, oxide and semiconductor (semiconductor) field effect transistor, usually referred to as MOSFET, is a voltage control component, mainly used for the voltage conversion of the power supply part, plays the role of step-down. Mainly identified with the letter Q. The MOS tube has three poles, namely G: gate; S: source; D: drain. MOS tubes are usually divided P-channel MOS tubes and N-channel MOS tubes.
Voltage Regulation

Voltage regulator, is the linear voltage regulator integrated IC, is a voltage control component integrated in the power supply chip, and the output current is relatively small. When the input voltage or load changes, the control circuit performs sampling, comparison, then drives the motor to rotate so that the position of the carbon brush of the voltage regulator changes, by automatically adjusting the coil turns ratio, the output voltage is kept s.
Gate Circuit

The unit circuit used to realize basic logic operation and compound logic operation is called gate circuit. Commonly used gate circuits include AND gates, OR gates, NOT gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, NOR gates, and XOR gates in terms of logic functions. There is a certain logical relationship between the input signal and the output signal of the gate circuit. When the logical relationship is satisfied, there will be a signal output.
Soldering skills for components on the hash board丨Resistors

When the resistor on the hash board is abnormal, we can judge whether it is damaged by measuring its resistance value. For damaged resistors, method one is to re-soldering the resistors; method two is to a resistor with the same resistance value for replacement. This video mainly demonstrates how to properly remove and resolder the resistors on the hash board.
Soldering skills for components on the hash board丨Capacitors

There are generally three types of capacitors on the hash board, namely tantalum capacitors, chip capacitors and electrolytic capacitors. Different capacitors have different desoldering methods. This video mainly demonstrates the removal and soldering methods of these three capacitors. One of the more difficult is the soldering of electrolytic capacitors. Soldering skills are a process that practice makes perfect.

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