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As a beginner in ASIC miner repair, first of all we need to learn what a circuit is and basic electrical circuit knowledge. Here, we will explain the role of basic components on the PCB board, including resistors, capacitors, inductors, crystal oscillators, diodes, triodes, MOS tubes, and basic logic gate circuits. When we know the components, we can visually check whether the components on the circuit board, hash board or control board are oxidized, so as to do basic troubleshooting.
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What is a circuit
A circuit, the route through which current flows, is composed of components such as a power source, a load, connecting wires, and switches. The operation of the circuit has three states: closed circuit, open circuit, and short circuit. Closed circuit: the circuit has current flowing through the load. Open circuit: there is no current in the circuit. Short circuit: there is no load in the circuit. Current and voltage are common terms used in electrical circuits. -
What is a Resistor?
Resistor, an electronic component that blocks current flow, is widespread in ASIC miner hash board, control board and power supply repairs. Resistor is a physical quantity that expresses how much a conductor resists current flow. When the voltage across the conductor is constant, the size of the resistance can be used to measure the strength of the resistance of the conductor to the current. In a circuit, a resistor usually divides the current or voltage. -
What is a Capacitor?
Capacitor is a component that stores electric charge. When there is a medium between the conductors, then hinders the movement of the charge and causes the charge to accumulate on the conductor and accumulation of charge. The amount of stored charge is called capacitance. Capacitor can be divided polar and non-polar capacitors, which have the functions of filtering, energy storage and coupling in the circuit. -
What are Inductors Fuses and Crystal Oscillators?
Inductance is a passive electronic component that stores electrical energy through the magnetic flux. A magnetic field is generated from the right side of the current flow direction when a current flows. The fuse acts as an overload protection circuit. The crystal oscillator is an electronic device that uses the piezoelectric effect of a quartz crystal to generate high-precision oscillation frequency. -
What is a Diode?
A diode is a semiconductor component made of semiconductor material, which has unidirectional conductivity, that is, when a forward voltage is applied to the anode of the diode, the diode is turned on. When a reverse voltage is applied to the anode and cathode, the diode is turned off. It can realize various functions such as rectification of nating current, detection of modulated signals, and voltage regulation of power supply voltage. -
What is a Triode?
Triode, the full name of semiconductor triode, is a semiconductor device that controls current. Its function is to amplify the weak signal an electrical signal with an enormous amplitude value. The triode is made of two PN junctions that are very close to each other on a semiconductor substrate. The two PN junctions divide the whole semiconductor three parts. The triode can be divided PNP type triode and NPN type triode. -
What is a MOS tube?
MOS tube is a metal, oxide and semiconductor (semiconductor) field effect transistor, usually referred to as MOSFET, is a voltage control component, mainly used for the voltage conversion of the power supply part, plays the role of step-down. Mainly identified with the letter Q. The MOS tube has three poles, namely G: gate; S: source; D: drain. MOS tubes are usually divided P-channel MOS tubes and N-channel MOS tubes. -
What is an LDO low out voltage regulator?
Low out Voltage Regulator, is the linear voltage regulator integrated IC, is a voltage control component integrated in the power supply chip, and the output current is relatively small. When the input voltage or load changes, the control circuit performs sampling, comparison, then drives the motor to rotate so that the position of the carbon brush of the voltage regulator changes, by automatically adjusting the coil turns ratio, the output voltage is kept s. -
What is a Gate Circuit?
The unit circuit used to realize basic logic operation and compound logic operation is called gate circuit. Commonly used gate circuits include AND gates, OR gates, NOT gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, NOR gates, and XOR gates in terms of logic functions. There is a certain logical relationship between the input signal and the output signal of the gate circuit. When the logical relationship is satisfied, there will be a signal output. -
Resistor soldering skills on the hash board
When the resistor on the hash board is abnormal, we can judge whether it is damaged by measuring its resistance value. For damaged resistors, method one is to re-soldering the resistors; method two is to a resistor with the same resistance value for replacement. This video mainly demonstrates how to properly remove and resolder the resistors on the hash board. -
Capacitor soldering skills on the hash board
There are generally three types of capacitors on the hash board, namely tantalum capacitors, chip capacitors and electrolytic capacitors. Different capacitors have different desoldering methods. This video mainly demonstrates the removal and soldering methods of these three capacitors. One of the more difficult is the soldering of electrolytic capacitors. Soldering skills are a process that practice makes perfect. -
MOS tube soldering skills on the hash board
MOS tube chip is one of the common chips on the ASIC miner hash board, also known as MOSFET, which is a voltage control board component. The MOS tube is divided P-channel and N-channel. On the hash board, the MOS tube is usually used for step-down or saturation conduction. If the chip is soldered incorrectly or badly, it is easy to cause chip to break and damage the hash board. Therefore, the installation and removal of the MOS tube are very important. -
Inductor soldering skills on the hash board
Inductors are electronic components commonly used in hash boards and control boards to provide power. Inductors are divided two types: core inductors and coreless inductors, which are used to convert electric energy and magnetic energy each other. This video will show you how to remove and install the coreless inductor. -
Diode soldering skills on the hash board
Diodes are common semiconductor components. It has unidirectional conductivity. On a hash board, diodes are an essential component. Therefore, we need to master the correct measurement method of the diode and replacement the faulty in time. When replacing a diode, it is necessary to choose one with the same shape and size. In addition, the Zener diode needs to be replaced with one with the same voltage stabilization value. -
Triode soldering skills on the hash board
The triode is a current control element, which is divided NPN type triode and PNP type triode, with a switching function. When measured with a multimeter, the normal resistance of the triode should be 150 to 750 ohms. So how to distinguish the NPN type and PNP type triode? What precautions should be taken when replacing the triode?
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